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So
happened, that both these terms appeared mixed in mass consciousness with
reference to armed resistance of peoples traditionally professing Islam.
Moreover, often it is necessary to come across the statement, that Jihad, it is
only «religious cover» of struggle for national independence.
Let's
explain this issue from Islamic point of view. Jihad is one of duties of each
Muslim assigned to him from Allah through prophet Muhammada (alaihes salatu was
salam). Jihad is a sacred war against disbelief. It can take various forms.
Mother, bringing up children in religious spirit, teacher explaining Koran to
disciples in madrassa, the priest in a temple, strengthening Muslims in belief,
person struggling against sinful thoughts, soldier battling with kafirs - all of
them are mujahideen i.e. participants of Jihad. Even in case of direct physical
destruction of the opponent by murdering him in Jihad is not the goal in itself:
«And if they repented, prayed and they cleared belief, then they are your
brothers in the way of God» (surah 9 «Repentance», ayat 11). Objective of
Jihad - propagation of belief and destruction of disbelief. The supreme value of
Jihad is to explain that God unveiled Himself to people in scripts through
prophets. Jihad itself has Islamic value.
Decolonization
as national-liberation struggle is implanted in the European social metaphysics
of XVIII century. According to remark of many ideologists, a sample and an
example of any decolonization is War for independence in Northern America
1775-1783. Participants of this war were inspired with ideals of the French
Education, especially the concept of J.J.Russo. Essence of this theory is the
concept of people's sovereignty, that is each nation should independent rule in
accordance with the will of people for the purpose of general welfare. People
here is the prime target, and its blessing is supreme value. European practice
has opened fundament! Al contradictions of the concept of democracy.
Whom
to consider as a nation? Liberals name nation, those who extremely financially
are independent individual proprietors. Thus poor men are not a nation, and «lumpenized
weight». Socialists, on contrary consider only working people as nation, while
rich men – «exploiters and oppressors». Nationalists see first of all ethnos
in a nation. What is the general welfare? It is growth of material well-being of
each citizen? But many of western nations have grown at the expense of robbery
and operation of colonies. Spaniards in tons took out gold from South America
and deposited it in the European banks. The imperialism and colonialism
inevitably result from the western values. Having freed from colonial dependence
of Britain, USA became colonial power itself.
In
this way, decolonization and Jihad appear in different systems of coordinates.
Whether
Jihad can take the form of national-liberation struggle? For the answer to this
question, it is necessary to understand relation of Holy Koran to the nations.
According to prophet Muhammad (S.A.S.), Allah wanted to divide mankind into
nations: «O People, we have created you men and women and have divided you into
tribes and peoples that you knew each other» (surah 49 «Rooms», ayat 13).
Specificity of each people consists in «ceremony of worship» (surah 22 «Haj»,
ayat 34) which it is possible to identify with «stereotype of behavior»,
L.N.Gumilyeva i.e. langua! ge and customs (adat), which cement any ethnic
generality. God communicates not with everyone individually in spirit of
European Protestantism, but with separately taken peoples through the prophets.
«To each people was its prophet» (surah 10 «Yunus», ayat 47).
However,
Jihad should not degenerate in interethnic differences, even that sacred war
goes not for or against the nation, but in the name of Allah and against
disbelief. In the mean time, decolonization often turned into internecine
struggle. National-liberation struggle of African peoples was dirtied with
tribalism (tribal differences). In August 1999 Russian propagandists used
rhetoric of national-liberation struggle to set the population of Daghestan
against mujahideen. In the Holy Koran, we find clear evidences, that Jihad can
be sometimes directed against the nation. Prophets arose among nation and
attested to compatriots to Allah but if there was a dilemma about God or people,
they always chose the first. Prophet Ibrahim (A.S.S) did not hesitate to
renounce even his father Azar, so far as he learned, that he is enemy of Allah (surah
9 «Repentance», ayat! 114).
Esteeming
the nation level with God (remember: «For the God, Tsar and Fatherland»?),
gives associates to Allah, «and who gives associates to Allah, he invented
great sin» (surah «Women», ayat 48).
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